Gender equality in India has roots that date back to Before Christian Era

These historical accounts collectively reflect a society where women were not only valued but also given opportunities to excel in various fields, including academia, philosophy, and governance

The concept of gender equality has, over the years, varied across different regions and social classes. Some evidence suggests that the Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE) might have had a more egalitarian society.

‘Yatra Naryastu Pujyante Ramante Tatra Devataḥ’ is a powerful statement embedded in the Indian ethos. It inspires us to create a society where women are valued and empowered. However, the situation underwent changed with the times, especially the rise of western cultural influences, leading to proliferation of patriarchal systems. The influence of western culture and colonial trends had a significant impact on Indian customs and traditions, often leading to erosion and distortion of indigenous cultural practices. Gender equality in India has roots that stretch back to at least BCE, as evidenced by numerous historical accounts and narratives.

One such remarkable figure is the hugely respected Apala, daughter of Maharishi Atri, who stands as one of the greatest learned women of all time. Apala's exceptional talents were not only recognized but celebrated, as she made significant contributions by composing a section of the Rig Veda. Her narrative is just one among many instances that illustrate the presence of gender equality in ancient India.

Another notable example is the legendary debate between Sage Gargi and Yajnavalkya in the court of King Janaka.

Gargi, a female sage, and the fearless daughter of Vachaknu asked Yajnavalkya questions that challenged societal norms, which demonstrated the intellectual prowess of women during that era.

Moreover, historical records highlight instances where women like Vidyottama, the princess of Ujjain, asserted their agency in matters of marriage and intellectual pursuits. Her insistence on a scholarly debate to determine her life partner exemplifies the autonomy and determination that women held in the ancient Indian society.

Likewise, the story of Srimati Ubhaya Bharati, wife of Mandana Misra, serves as a testament to the respect accorded to women in matters of religious discourse. Her role as a judge in the debate between Adi Shankara and Mandana Misra underscores the recognition of women's intellectual capabilities and their active participation in philosophical dialogues.

These historical accounts collectively reflect a society where women were not only valued but also given opportunities to excel in various fields, including academia, philosophy, and governance. The existence of such narratives challenges the notion of gender inequality and emphasizes the presence of a more egalitarian ethos in ancient India.

(The author is an assistant Professor at DY Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune.)